Descartes Cosmological And Ontological Arguments Are Well

Descartes Cosmological and Ontological arguments are well organized and are perceived as valid. However, these arguments may be found valid only if we follow the rules of Descartes premises through deductive reasoning. The soundness of Descartes Ontological and Cosmological arguments are questioned in this paper as I argue against Descartes axioms. Descartes bases his proofs of God on specific propositions and his own claims of knowledge. The lack of proof behind his premises is why I cannot except Descartes Ontological and Cosmological arguments for the existence of God. Although there are different arguments for the existence of God, as an empiricist, I need proof of the premises and not ideas of false premises. I can look at Descartes†¦show more content†¦I argue that an idea cannot be characterized as reality. Descartes denies the senses reveal the natures of substances and instead believes that he can perceive the nature of reality through a purely intellectual percepti on (enclapedia). There are many instances where we say an idea is not the same as reality. I can imagine, or have an idea, that I am flying with my own physiological wings. This idea has come about through my mind however; the thought is far from ever becoming as much reality as there is in its effect of the cause. Being lifelike is defined as being similar to or representing something realistic. In order to represent something I would say you have to resemble them in realistic way. This makes me question the existence of God because Descartes cannot come up with proof of how he knows God exists in reality except for through his own cogito. Even if God’s existence was necessary like premise III is implying, then there is still no evidence of what does or does not count as proof of existence in the actual physical world. Another reason to doubt the Cosmological argument is because of Descartes circular arguing. For example, If premise V is true, an infinite substance can only cause ideas of an infinite substance then, God has to have a clear and distinct perception of a infinite substance as well. God has to have an idea of an infinite being in order to compare, and conclude, thatShow MoreRelatedThe Argument Of The Existence Of God1480 Words   |  6 PagesThe arguments trying to â€Å"prove† the existence of God are by far some of the most controversial philosophical arguments out there. When some of the people who created these philosophies it was illegal or even punishable by death to even question his existence, let alone try to come up with a logical explanation to â€Å"prove† he is real. The two main arguments used today are the ontological argument and the cosmological argument. Neither one of these arguments are correct nor incorrect; moreover, theRead More Does God Exist? Ess ay1145 Words   |  5 PagesAny attempt to remain neutral in relation to Gods existence is automatically synonymous with unbelief. The question for Gods existence is really important. Does God exist? Theology, cosmological, teleological and ontological arguments are all have ways to prove the existence of God. With all of these great arguments how can one deny that there is a God. There is a God and with these reasons I will prove that. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There are two types of theology discussed in chapter nineRead MoreEssay on Hegel and Kant on the Ontological Argument1748 Words   |  7 PagesHegel and Kant on the Ontological Argument ABSTRACT: I intend to present Kants refutation of the ontological argument as confronted by Hegels critique of Kants refutation. The ontological argument can be exposed in a syllogistic way: everything I conceive as belonging clearly and distinctly to the nature or essence of something can be asserted as true of something. I perceive clearly and distinctly that existence belongs to the nature or essence of a perfect being; therefore, existence canRead More Descartes1226 Words   |  5 Pagesstage in the system, as outlined in the Meditations, seeks to establish that God exists. In his writings, Descartes made use of three principal arguments. The first (at least in the order of presentation in the Meditations) is a causal argument. While its fullest statement is in Meditation III, it is also found in the Discourse (Part IV) and in the Principles (Part I  §Ã‚ § 17–18). The argument begins by examining the thoughts contained in the mind, distinguishing between the formal real ity of an ideaRead MoreThe Cosmological Argument For The Existence Of God Essay1556 Words   |  7 Pagesreality of a being who, by definition, is not given in phenomenal experience? My position is that it is impossible to prove the non-existence of God, since I believe that God exists. I would use it the cosmological arguments, teleological and Ontological to prove that God exists. The cosmological argument for the existence of God is as follows: The world could not exist by itself so there must be a first cause that brought him into existence. The universe can not have an infinite past, he must have hadRead MorePhilosophy: Do We Have Innate Ideas? Essay1491 Words   |  6 PagesDo we have innate ideas? Offer your view with reference to the work of Descartes and Locke I understand the concept of innate ideas alone means ideas that presents our mind at birth. Descartes and Locke both have their own views about innate ideas and their arguments are completely different to each other and the question remain to the human knowledge. Do innate ideas really exist? Descartes does not put experiences to his philosophy like the other philosophers, Bacon and Hobbes. He believes thatRead MoreDoes God Exist? Essay1611 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper examines the many rational arguments for and against the existence of God. It is based on the views of some of the great philosophers and scientists of our world. I will show that there is no sufficient proof or comprehensive arguments for the existence of God. Some people search for eternal peace through the beliefs in God; but this is an impossible belief because of the chances, the plausibility, and because of science. ONTOLOGICAL ARGUMENTS God generally refers to one supreme, holyRead MoreThe Argument For The Existence Of God1411 Words   |  6 Pagesscrutinizes numerous logical disputes for and alongside the presence of God. I shall argue that there’s no adequate evidence or inclusive arguments for the existence of God. It is grounded on the views of certain great philosophers and scientists of all of mankind. Generally speaking for myself, I would correspond to have faith that there is â€Å"God†. Regrettably, it’s awfully well-defined that the being built up on insightful faith is no longer a suitable custom to shadow. During the course, I expected to learnRead More Ontological Argument Essay2922 Words   |  12 Pagesthe existence of God. These theories are the ontological argument, the cosmological argument, and the teleological argument. St. Anselm of eleventh century, and Descartes of seventeenth century, have used the ontological argument for proving the existence of God. The God, for them, is supreme, quot;needing nothing outside himself, but needful for the being and well-being of all things.quot; (Pg. 305). St Anselm’s account of the ontological argument for the existence of God deals with the ‘existenceRead More Comparing Knowledge in Descartes’ Meditations on First Philosophy and Hume’s An Enquiry Concerning876 Words   |  4 PagesComparing Knowledge in Descartes’ Meditations on First Philosophy and Hume’s An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, Rationalists would claim that knowledge comes from reason or ideas, while empiricists would answer that knowledge is derived from the senses or impressions. The difference between these two philosophical schools of thought, with respect to the distinction between ideas and impressions, can be examined in order to determine how these schools determine the source

Speech Fast Food - 805 Words

Persuasive Policy Speech COMM 111 April 20th 2011 Topic: Fast food should not be served in schools. Specific purpose statement: Lunches served in schools should be improved. Introduction. I. Attention getter: 20.1% as of the year 2010. 5 to 10 is the number of meals a child eats at school. The percentage of obese children in the US. The number is 4 times higher than 1970s. If you have been to elementary, middle or high school, at some time, you have been exposed to canteen food. II. Thesis: I am here to tell you why poor quality food should stop being served in schools. III. Credibility: I, since childhood, have been against unhealthy nutrition but also have deepened my knowledge through research. IV. Preview: A. Need:†¦show more content†¦A. First main sub point: Educate parents as well as children on healthy eating. 1 Support: according to the USDA’s mypyramid.gov, the Dietary Guidelines describe a healthy diet as one that, emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fat-free or low-fat milk and milk products; includes lean meats, poultry, fish, beans, eggs, and nuts; and is low in saturated fats, trans fats, cholesterol, salt (sodium), and added sugars. a. Specific information: Education about healthy eating proportions will make people conscious about their diets but also about their health. B. Second main sub point: encourage parents to give their kids lunch boxes with healthy food. 2 Support: according to CNN.com, 64.8%of parents wish the rule in Chicago’s Little Village Academy for kids not to bring box lunches to school be abolished. b. Specific information: we can see that people who are aware of the benefits of box lunches. C. Third main sub point: ban vending machines from schools. 3 Support:† it’s hard enough for parents to guide their children’s food choices, but it becomes virtually impossible when public schools are peddling junk food throughout the school day,† said CSPI nutrition policy director Margo G. Wootan. â€Å"Many parents who send their kids off with lunch money in the morning have no clue that it can be so readily squandered on Coke, Doritos,Show MoreRelatedInformative Speech- Fast Food Essays865 Words   |  4 PagesFast Food Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about fast food in the United States and its effects. Central Idea: The history of fast food, the effects of eating fast food, and its effect on the United States. Introduction I. Anywhere you go, there is a good chance there will be a fast food restaurant nearby. A. It’s the easy way out of cooking dinner, or grabbing something fast because you didn’t have time to make anything. B. Fast food may taste good, but have you ever thoughtRead MoreSpeech Fast Food Essay929 Words   |  4 PagesMcDunn Persuasive speech outline Eating Fast Food Introduction Relevance: You all have probably experienced fast food sometime throughout your life. Credibility: The first thing that comes to mind when mentioning fast food is greasy, oily, unhealthy garb, yet most of us consume junk food on a daily basis anyway. There are over 300,000 different fast food restaurants in the US. People frequent them because of convenience (quick and usually cheap). In such a fast-paced society, people are eatingRead MorePersuasive Speech : The Benefits Of Fast Food1400 Words   |  6 Pagesthey are healthy, but in fact healthy food is not as healthy as it may appear. Are you really going to eat something that’s green? Last time I checked, green means it’s rotten. Nowadays we need something quick. We dont have time to cook something healthy. Fast food is a convenience because we don’t have to prepare it ourselves. The faster you can get high amounts of calories into your body, the more energized and happy you will be. Switching to fast food is not only quick, cheap and easy, butRead More Persuasive Speech: Do Not Eat Fast Fo od Essay915 Words   |  4 Pagesaudience not to eat fast food. Relevance: You all have probably experienced fast food sometime throughout your life. Credibility: The first thing that comes to mind when mentioning fast food is greasy, oily, unhealthy garb, yet most of us consume junk food on a daily basis anyway. There are over 300,000 different fast food restaurants in the US. People frequent them because of convenience (quick and usually cheap). In such a fast-paced society, people are eating more fast food than ever beforeRead MoreJunk Food958 Words   |  4 Pagesfor Invitational Speech Speech Exploration of Sides of a Topic: discuss different types of junk food and the harm of the junk food. Thesis statement: the definition of junk food. How many different types of junk food? What is the harm for junk food. Content Pro: (Explore Issues or State Position) Examples and stories: 1. Less likely to be overweight. 2.In addition to foods and drinks with a lot of added sugar, it is important to keep in mind that junk food can include foods high in salt orRead MoreFood Inc When The Food Industry Keeps Their Farmers Under Their Control1553 Words   |  7 PagesIn the movie â€Å"Food Inc† we saw how the food industry keeps their farmers under their control. Food incorporation sets new protocols that require the farmers to keep purchasing more on dept. As a result of loans and only $18,000 annually (Kenner) they are stuck in a hole that they can’t get out of. I find many things disturbing about this. First off, I find it disturbing that he picked a poorly educated farming area. It seems obvious that the farmers don’t know what they got into and don’t have anyRead MoreThe Effects Of Fast Food On Children991 Words   |  4 Pagesthat falls into the trap of fast food advertisement. Overall, the fast food industry should be more socially responsible and not direct their marketing strategy of unhealthy food choices to children; this will cut down the percentage of children suffering from childhood obesity that leads to various health issues. One might object here, that it is a free market and freedom of speech is part of the U.S. Constitution. However, everyone has a different opinion about fast food and boudaries must be respectedRead MoreFast Food Is Bad For Our Health Essay928 Words   |  4 PagesFast food, we all eat it sometimes, but do we honestly know what we are consuming. Did you know that fast food can lead to various types of illness? For example, a heart attack or a lack of energy can be a result of eating fast food. Fast food has become a very important meal to America. Almost a quarter of Americans suffer from fast foods dangerous effects (Health line). Did you know that some people even die as a result of eating fast food. Fast food is a part of our today. Many of you know thatRead MoreMarketing to Children1352 Words   |  6 Pagesonly 1% of children s diets resembled the recommended proportions of the Food Pyramid. The amount of money that is spent marketing to children is outrageous. Companies purposefully market to the young children s tastes in a variety of ways through package design, typefaces, pictures, and content. Key elements for successful marketing to young children are carefully and thoughtfully planned by companies. The entertainment, fast and friendly service, immediate gratification, familiar brand-names fun-to-eatRead MoreBackground of Mcdonalds1986 Words   |  8 PagesMcDonalds 2012 Kanika Markland McDonalds SIC # 5812 NYSE: MCD Revenue 2011: $27,006M McDonalds Corporation is the worlds largest chain of hamburger fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries. Headquartered in the United States, the company began in 1940 as a barbecue restaurant operated by the eponymous Richard and Maurice McDonald; in 1948 they reorganized their business as a hamburger stand using production line principles.

Boston matrix free essay sample

2.1 BCG Matrix Analysis The Boston Consulting Group’s growth-share matrix is the model of analysing the company’s portfolio of SBUs. The following figure plots the position of Virgin’s SBUs. 2.2 Implications of BCG Matrix Analysis on strategy development Portfolio analysis has three uses. First, a business can assess the balance of its portfolio†¦ Second, the portfolio provides a framework for strategic market planning†¦ Third, each SBU should have a clear objective appropriate to its portfolio position†¦ 2.3 Limitations of BCG Matrix Analysis The major weaknesses are as follows: Market growth is an inadequate description of overall industry attractiveness. Market share is an inadequate proxy for relative competitive strength. The analysis is highly sensitive to how the market is defined. Definitions of the market can be fairly arbitrary and different definitions will radically change an SBU’s matrix position. The model assumes that business units are independent. 2.4 The parenting matrix-the Ashridge portfolio display In deciding on the appropriateness of the role of the parent and the mix of SBUs best suited to the parent, the parenting matrix can be useful. We will write a custom essay sample on Boston matrix or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Ashridge Portfolio Display is a way of displaying this degree of â€Å"fit† of a portfolio of business. Two dimensions of fits are assessed: Fit between the critical success factors of the SBUs and the skills, resources and characteristics of the parenting organization. FIT between the parenting opportunities of SBUs and the skills, resources and characteristics of the parenting organization. Heartland businesses are ones that the parent can add value to without danger of doing harm. Since Virgin Atlantic founding, the airline has relied on service, value-for-money, and innovation, dished up with panache and flair, to differentiate itself in the market. Virgin Atlantic announced further expansion plans on the back of continuing growth and increased profitability. It is now the company closets to Branson’s heart. In addition, with the development of IT, the e-commerce has a  promising future. Vigin should continue its expansion in e-commerce with a wide range of connections from Megastores online to train booking facilities. Likewise, the development of Virgin Direct Ltd that is a financial can create synergies with other company business largely. Thus, they should be at the core of future strategy. Ballast SBUs are ones the parent understands well but can do little for. They would probably be just as successful as independent companies. If they are part of a future strategy, they need to be managed with a light touch. The retail sector is a mature industry where the environment does not change radically. Company has an abundant management experience in retail industry. Therefore Virgin needs not to put their eye to Virgin Retail in the future. Value trap SBUs are dangerous. They appear attractive because there are opportunities for the parent to add value. But they are deceptively result in more harm than good. There is a risk in Virgin Rail. If the passenger numbers does not rise, Branson’s project to undertake major investment in modern trains and convert the staff to a customer-service culture would not pay off, This business will get into hot water and will has a considerable damage to the brand. Virgin should take into account if Virgin Rail should be included in the future strategy. If they can be moved into the heartland, Some adjustments to the skills, resources or characteristics of the parent will probably be necessary. Alien SBUs are clear misfits. They offer little opportunities to add value and they rub awkwardly with the normal behaviour of the parent. Exit is the best straty. Some business such as Virgin Vouchers and Virgin Helicopter, London Broncos, which has a very little share in the total income of the company, and the industry perspective, is unattractive. Virgin’s management should divest them

Millenium Mambo

The later films of Taiwanese director Hou Hsiao Hsien, including Millennium Mambo, appear to have garnered the director a reputation of being cinematically â€Å"difficult† (Wood, 2001).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Millenium Mambo specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Released in 2001,Millennium Mambo represents the â€Å"15th film from Hou, a leader in Taiwan’s cinematic new wave of the 1980s. Although widely considered one of the greatest filmmakers working today, with each new movie considered a major event,† Millennium Mambo nonetheless was the first of Hou Hsiao Hsien’s films to secure a North American release (Dargis, 2004: p. 2). Hou Hsiao-hsien belongs to Taiwan’s â€Å"New Cinema† group, a collective of Taiwanese directors that emerged in the 1980s. The â€Å"New Cinema† movement collaborated on each other’s films, and enjoyed solid backing from film critics working in Taiwan at the time. Taiwanese cinema was dominated by â€Å"escapist romances and propaganda films† at that time, thus the â€Å"New Cinema† collective broke from tradition and â€Å"used a realistic style to convey their socially concerned themes†¦and their films â€Å"recognized the fact that Taiwan was not synonymous with China† (Huang, 1999: no page). Hou Hsiao Hsien’s work garners the most international recognition amongst the â€Å"New Cinema† directors. His subject matter remains almost exclusively grounded in the experience of living in Taiwan, which is in fact his experience, as Hou has spent the lion share of his life living and working in Taiwan (Huang, 1999: no page). Huang (1999) also notes that â€Å"contrasted with the positive influences one can gain from country life in most of Hou’s films are the attractions of the city, with its opportunities for a living wage and concomitant confusion of an alie n social structure, and its dissimilar types of human relationships,† which we see evidenced in Millennium Mambo (no page). Hou Hsiao Hsien’s films remain under the cinematic radar, largely unknown and for the most part unavailable to North American and European cinephiles. This paper will make a case for the distinguishing form of filmmaking applied by Hou Hsiao-Hsien in Millennium Mambo, with a particular emphasis on the director’s dramatisation of discrete scenes and his use of long shots and master shots to simultaneously create mood while maintaining an emotional distance from his characters.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a rule, Hou Hsiao Hsien’s films tend to favour aestheticism and mood over narrative structure, largely as a result of Hou Hsiao Hsien’s â€Å"intransigent refusal to â€Å"help† the audience by making obvious p oints, spelling out meanings, telling us what to think of the characters, or carefully explaining their motivation† (Wood, 2001: p. 12). Apt to rub critics the wrong way, this creative obstinacy of Hou’s can sometimes be read as self-aggrandisement, and results in unflattering criticism such as this dismissal by Jones (1999): â€Å"Hou joined the ever growing number of filmmakers who appear to have climbed too far out on the limb of aestheticism, showing no regard whatsoever for their paying customers† (Jones, 1999: no page). In order to fully appreciate Hou Hsiao Hsien’s films, Wood (2001) argues that audiences must â€Å"first†¦unlearn the indoctrinations of contemporary Hollywood and become active observers rather than passive receptacles, noticing even the smallest details, pondering their significance, making thematic connections beyond those of narrative, reaching our own decisions rather than having them foisted on us† (Wood, 2001:p. 12) . Other critics view Hou Hsiao Hsien’s work as deeply personal. In her essay Looking for Nostalgia: Memory and National Identity in Hou Hsiao-Hsien’s a Time to Live, a Time to Die, Wu (2003) holds that â€Å"Hou Hsiao Hsien consistently drew on his personal life experiences and those of his co-writers’ in the overall structure of the narratives, through which he represented the history of the increasingly industrialised and westernised Taiwan† (Wu, 2003: p.45). Hou Hsiao Hsien often collaborators with the same writers and cinematographers, all of whom make a conscious attempt to â€Å"project†¦themselves into their films† (Wu, 2003: p. 46). In Wu’s (2003) mind, Hou Hsiao Hsien and his screenwriters â€Å"offer the cinematic equivalent of historical representation, raising questions of identity on a symbolic level, in which they appeared to articulate themselves while simultaneously being articulated into history† (Wu, 2003: p. 46 ). As such, Hou Hsiao Hsien remain one of a handful of filmmakers concerned with â€Å"national soul searching, [and] reconstructing history as a function of reflecting the present† (Wu, 2003: p. 47). Millennium Mambo constructs a loose narrative around main character Vicky’s experience as a hostess in a trendy Taiwanese bar and her relationships with two men: her abusive boyfriend, and an older gangster who befriends her. Kaicer (2001) called Millennium Mambo â€Å"an urban youth film, set in the bars, clubs, and dingy apartments of contemporary Taipei† (no page).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Millenium Mambo specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The techno inspired soundtrack â€Å"dance music of his Taipei slackers defines the beat of its shots, the drift of its camera, the endless loops within loops of its spiralling chronology† (Kaicer, 2001: no page). For Sklar, (2002), Millennium Mambo represents Hou Hsiao Hsien’s â€Å"least compelling†¦narratives, but it’s reassuring to know that the film casts his remarkable artistry and moral seriousness at least another decade into the future† (Sklar, 2002: p.12). The film’s critical welcome, according to Wood (2001), was mainly mixed. Jacobowitz (2005) raved that Millennium Mambo perfectly depicted â€Å"the cool edginess of the alienated youth† of Taiwan (p.65). Berry and Lu (2005) saw Millennium Mambo as a work of art that â€Å"pursues innovation into a future setting† (p. 7). Los Angeles Times film critic Manohola Dargis (2004) found that: â€Å"Unlike the characters in director Hou Hsiao Hsien’s previous films – including his masterpieces â€Å"The Puppetmaster† and â€Å"Flowers of Shanghai† – Vicky and her friends don’t have strong connections to specific places, to a home or a history†¦[yet] as always with this filmma ker, the visual pleasures are enormous and often deeply touching. One of the most ravishing images in a film filled with ravishing images is of Vicky gently lowering her face into some freshly fallen snow. As she raises her head laughing, the camera lingers on the impression she’s left behind. In the snow, we see the traces of a self already melting into a memory† (p. 3). However, when the film premiered at the Cannes festival in 2001, Millennium Mambo garnered the dubious honour of being â€Å"the first of Hou Hsiao Hsien’s mature films to receive a less than enthusiastic reception† (Wood, 2001: p. 12). Millennium Mambo was â€Å"dismissed by critics in a perfunctory line or two with no attempt to relate it to Hou Hsiao Hsien’s previous work† (Wood, 2001: p. 12). Like Hou Hsiao Hsien’s other works, Millennium Mambo is backward looking, and told from memory. Sklar (2002) remarks that in Millennium Mambo â€Å"Hou Hsiao Hsien returned to [the] curious aspect of his penchant for the past [in] that the film opens with a voice-over explaining that its events â€Å"happened ten years ago in the year 2001,† casting the present as history† (Sklar, 2002: p.12). Though set in the recognizable present, Millennium Mambo continues Hou Hsiao Hsien’s tradition of looking to the past to offer commentary on the present. In Millennium Mambo, Sklar (2002) understand â€Å"Hou Hsiao Hsien’s strategy for taking on today’s chaotic, incoherent postmodern culture – as he makes it appear to be – involves viewing it as evanescent, as having already happened and, presumably, later been transformed into something else† (Sklar, 2002: p.12).Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Culturevulture.net (2004) describes Hou Hsiao Hsien â€Å"as a member of the â€Å"master shot† school of filmmaking† (No page). In standard filmmaking, the master or establishing shot happens first and presents the key elements of any given scene. The filmmaker then repositions the camera in nearer proximity to the subjects held within the frame, be they actors or objects, culminating usually in a close-up. When it comes time to edit, the filmmaker typically intercuts between the establishing shot and the medium and close shots to generate the intensity of the scene (Culturevulture.net, 2004: no page). Culturevulture.net (2004) highlights the fact that â€Å"Hou Hsiao Hsien almost never engages in this latter aspect of standard film technique. A movie composed mostly of long shots, especially extended takes as is usual for Hou Hsiao Hsien, tends to keep the audience emotionally distanced from the characters and the action. As a result, Hou Hsiao Hsien’s films are criticized as boring, and sometimes they are. But at his best, Hou Hsiao Hsien can provoke overwhelmingly intense emotions precisely because the viewer has worked to earn it. Hou Hsiao-Hsien films offer a generous store of images and feelings that lavishly reward time and patience† (No page). Hou Hsiao Hsien’s shooting style and camera work in Millennium Mambo relays a similar technique, although according to Sea (2002), Millennium Mambo â€Å"is the first of six films†¦to be realized in the next ten years†¦that deals with Taiwan’s present youth, and is devoid of the long pans, evocative images and detached shooting style that have typified Hou Hsiao Hsien’s work† (No page). Millennium Mambo contains a disconnected, emotionally frozen feeling, evoked mainly by the performances, but also by the way that the film is shot. An example of this occurs in the seduction scene (Millennium Mambo, 2001). Vicky returns from her hostess job to find her boyfriend, Hao Hao, at home and in the mood for love (Millennium Mambo, 2001).. Hou Hsiao Hsien’s camera stays far back from the scene as Hao Hao attempts to seduce Vicky, first through romantic kissing and finally through cunnilingus (Millennium Mambo, 2001).. Vicky, meanwhile, keeps her lips turned away from Hao Hao’s, and while he takes off her clothes she drinks a cup of tea and smokes a cigarette (Millennium Mambo, 2001).. Eventually, Hao Hao gives up and returns to the bedroom (Millennium Mambo, 2001).. The indifference and boredom that Vicky extends towards Hao Hao’s attempted lovemaking is exquisitely captured through the remoteness of the shooting style (Millennium Mambo, 2001). Like Vicky, the camera feels passively disinterested, essentially standing back from the action, offering no encouragement to the viewer, and waiting for Hao Hao’s frisky moment to be over (Millennium Mambo, 2001). The lack of passion in the shooting style perfectly mirrors the lack of passion and apathy that forms the heart of the scene, and of Vicky and Hao Hao’s relationship (Millennium Mambo, 2001). Critical response to the shooting style Hou Hsiao Hsien exhibited in Millennium Mambo was again mixed. Wilmington (2004) found that â€Å"Hou Hsiao Hsien, who often shoots his scenes in single takes with a roving camera, used only the sketchiest of scripts. Most of the heavily emotional scenes were improvised from brief outlines. Yet, working in this minimalist, seize-the-moment way†¦rivets our eyes and often wrings our heart† (p. 2). Halcyon Realms (2005) lamented that â€Å"in the case of Millennium Mambo the potential bore factor skyrockets because the photographer is Lee Pingbin, who loves to lock down his camera and shoot empty compositions where the actors are completely out of frame† (No page). Similarly, Thom (2002) remarked that â€Å"Hou Hsiao Hsien’s film could pass for a documentary, if it weren†™t for his extreme aesthetic approach† (no page). Kaicer (2001) found: â€Å"Contemporary Hou Hsiao Hsien†¦disorienting, experimental, jarring. Unprecedented for him, most of Millennium Mambo is shot in shallow focus and medium close-up, with a roaming, exploratory camera always in motion. A Hou Hsiao Hsien who directs the viewer’s eye, too, is something new: we’re used to slowly, patiently exploring the spaces he lays out for us, to exercising a certain autonomy as we read meaning into his films. Hou Hsiao Hsien controls our eyes in Millennium Mambo and shows us what he himself seems to be in the process of discovering, in something like real time† (No page). Bingham (2003) described Millennium Mambo’s â€Å"intensely claustrophobic tone and oblique compositions†¦characters half-viewed through doorways etc,† yet also pointed to the similarity in content between Millennium Mambo and Hou Hsiao Hsien’s earlier work Flowers of Shanghai. â€Å"Thematically, in its portrait of a girl building up to dumping her unemployed, layabout boyfriend whom she supports, it can be seen as a companion piece to Flowers of Shanghai, in that both films feature a protagonist desperate for freedom from an aimless relationship†¦or series of them in the earlier film†¦and independence in a culture still largely unsympathetic to their plight (No page). Huang (1999) echoes Wood in her suggestion that to appreciate Hou Hsiao Hsien’s films, audience members must remove the lens of Hollywood and open their minds to a filmmaker whose narrative bias leans towards indirectness (No page). In Huang’s (1999) mind, Hou Hsiao Hsien’s films â€Å"present the viewer with certain problems, and not only because they demand some awareness of Taiwanese political and cultural history during the second half of the last century [but because] †¦their treatment of narrative structure has become increasingly chall enging and unorthodox (No page). This is especially true of his shooting style. In Huang’s (1999) words, â€Å"one feels at times that Hou Hsiao Hsien shoots only the sequences that really engage him, leaving the audience to fill in narrative hiatuses with a combination of common sense and imagination. The many characters are seldom given the careful, emphatic introductions to which Hollywood has accustomed us, and close ups are rare, point-of-view shots non-existent; sequences are often entirely in long-shot. In short, Hou Hsiao Hsien expects us to work, concentrate, be vigilant; the films construct a spectator who is at once detached but sympathetic† (No page). In essence, Hou Hsiao Hsien’s shooting style emulates Vicky’s experience of life in Taiwan – disconnected, emotionally detached, non participatory, and boring. The absence of a real narrative in Millennium Mambo echoes Vicky aimless existence. As Wilmington (2004) describes â€Å"Hou Hsia o Hsien has evolved an almost rarefied technique, suggesting a life that seems to rush past his camera, unmediated and unaware† (p. 2). In the case of Vicky, the speed of the bar contrast sharply with the slow pace of change she exacts in her relationship with Hao Hao. How Hou Hsiao Hsien shoots Vicky’s world is exactly how Vicky sees the world – as a passive spectator, never really coming close to anything. Hou Hsiao Hsien’s shooting style appears to be patterned after his protagonist’s lived experience of life in Taiwan – passive, fleeting, distance. Burnett (2004) points to Hou Hsiao Hsien’s ability to â€Å"manipulate†¦the device of the fade or the dissolve to deflect spectator attention away from the amount of time that has elapsed between segments and other such questions of plot and to direct he/she towards pondering the evolution of the film’s style† (No page). In conclusion, director Hou Hsiao Hsien’s Millennium Mambo contains many of the filmmaker’s trademark touches. It is an aesthetically beautiful film, peopled by beautiful actors and replete with lush imagery. However, the shooting style, the lack of nearness to the characters, creates an emotional distance that imbues the film with a lost quality that lingers throughout. Hou Hsiao Hsien shoots and stages Millennium Mambo in a way that renders Vicky’s actual experience of life – disengaged, severed from any real emotional engagement with the world or with others, and drifting somewhat directionless through life. Reference List Berry, Chris and Lu, Feiyi. (2005) Island on the edge: Taiwan new cinema and after. Hong Kong, Hong Kong University Press. Bingham, A. (2003) Cinema of Sadness: Hou Hsiao-hsien and ‘New Taiwanese Film’. Cinetext [online]. Available from: http://cinetext.philo.at/magazine/bingham/cinema_of_sadness.html . Burnett, C. (2004) Parametric narration and optical transition de vices: Hou Hsiao-hsien and Robert Bresson in comparison. Senses of Cinema [online] 57. Available from: http://www.sensesofcinema.com/2004/feature-articles/hou_hsiao_hsien_bresson/ . culturevulture.net (17 January 2004 ) Films of Hou Hsiao-Hsien. China Through a Lens [online]. Available from: http://www.china.org.cn/english/NM-e/84923.htm . Dargis, M. (2004) Woman held captive to love in ‘Mambo’. Los Angeles Times [online]. Available from: http://articles.latimes.com/2004/mar/26/entertainment/et-mambo26 . Halcyonrealms.com (December 4, 2005) Millenium mambo. Halcyon Realms [online]. Available from: http://halcyonrealms.com/film/millenium-mambo/ . Huang, V. (1999) Hou Hsiao-hsien. Film Reference [online]. Available from: http://www.filmreference.com/Directors-Ha-Ji/Hou-Hsiao-Hsien.html . Jacobowitz, F. (2005) Hou Hsiao-hsien’s Cafe Lumiere. CineAction [online] 65. Available from: http://cineaction.ca/ . Jones, K. (1999) Cinema with a roof over its head. Film Commen t [online]. Available from: http://www.filmlinc.com/fcm/9-10-99/hou.htm . Kraicer, S. (2001) Millennium mambo. A Chinese Cinema Site [online]. Available from: http://www.chinesecinemas.org/millenniummambo.html . Sea, L. (2002) Millennium mambo. LoveHKFilm.com [online], Available from: http://www.lovehkfilm.com/panasia/millennium_mambo.htm . Sklar, R. (2002) Hidden history, modern hedonism: The films of Hou Hsiao-hsien. Cineaste [online], Fall. Available from: http://www.cineaste.com/ . Thom, F. (2002) Millennium mambo. Plume Noire. Available from: http://www.plume-noire.com/movies/cult/millenniummambo.html . Wilmington, M. (2004) `Mambo’ a raw film poem about the pain of desire. Chicago Tribune [online]. Available from: http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2004-04-16/features/0404150458_1_bar-girl-hao-hao-shu-qi . Wood, R. (2001) Flowers of Shanghai. CineAction [online], 11. Available from: http://cineaction.ca/ . Wu, I. (2003) Looking for nostalgia: memory and national identit y in Hou Hsiao-Hsien’s a time to live, a time to die. CineAction [online] 45. Available from: http://cineaction.ca/ . This essay on Millenium Mambo was written and submitted by user Bryant B. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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no text reply MineroNo Text ReplyInductive Essay: Topic (cell phones)By Samuel MineroEnglish 1DInstructor: BuettnerSeptember 12, 2014No Text ReplyToday, the use of cell phone involves an essential part of the regular life of modern people. In fact, present society is practically unimaginable without the use of cell phones. The development of new technologies and telecommunication systems contribute to the wide use of cell phones. Cell phones have opened huge opportunities for communication. Today, cell phones eliminate physical barriers and allow people to communicate with each other in spite of huge distance. Benefits of using cell phones are obvious but people often underestimate potential danger the use of cell phones can expose people to. In this respect, the potential negative impact of waves from cell phones may expose people to the risk of development some serious health problems. However, such risks and threats are rather hypothetical than real, whereas, today, people using cell phones or texting, while driving, expose themselves and other people to the great and real danger of accidents.Person using cell phone while driving.On analyzing the problem of using cell phones and texting while driving, it is important to lay emphasis on the fact that people are adapted to use their cell phones anytime and anywhere they like. People are so much adapted to cell phones that they cannot stop using them even when they drive their cars. However, they underestimate the risk and potential danger of talking or texting using their cell phones while driving. What is the most dangerous about the cell phone use and texting while driving is the lack of sense of danger. The latter means that people do not expect getting in trouble because of the cell phone use or texting while driving. Such unawareness makes people careless and, thus, extremely dangerous in regard...

Commodore Matthew Perry and the Opening of Japan

Commodore Matthew Perry and the Opening of Japan Commodore Matthew C. Perry was a noted American naval officer in the first half of the 19th century who earned fame for opening Japan to American trade. A veteran of the War of 1812, Perry endeavored to promote and develop steam technology in the U.S. Navy and earned the nickname Father of the Steam Navy. During the Mexican-American War, he directed operations in the Gulf of Mexico and captured several towns along the coast. In 1853, Perry received orders from President Millard Fillmore to force the opening of Japanese ports to American trade. Arriving in the islands the following year, he successfully concluded the Convention of Kanagawa which opened two ports to trade as well as ensured the protection of American sailors and property. Early Life and Career Born at Newport, RI, on April 10, 1794, Matthew Calbraith Perry was the son of Captain Christopher Perry and Sarah Perry. In addition, he was the younger brother of Oliver Hazard Perry who would go on to earn fame at the Battle of Lake Erie. The son of a naval officer, Perry prepared for a similar career and received a warrant as a midshipman on January 16, 1809. A young man, he was assigned to the schooner USS Revenge, then commanded by his older brother. In October 1810, Perry was transferred to the frigate USS President where he served under Commodore John Rodgers. A strict disciplinarian, Rodgers imparted many of his leadership skills to the young Perry. While aboard, Perry took part in an exchange of gunfire with the British sloop-of-war HMS Little Belt on May 16, 1811. The event, known as the Little Belt Affair, further strained relations between the United States and Britain. With the beginning of the War of 1812, Perry was aboard President when it fought an eight-hour running battle with the frigate HMS Belvidere on June 23, 1812. In the fighting, Perry was slightly wounded. War of 1812 Promoted to lieutenant on July 24, 1813, Perry remained aboard President for cruises in the North Atlantic and Europe. That November, he was transferred to the frigate USS United States, then at New London, CT. Part of the squadron commanded by Commodore Stephen Decatur, Perry saw little action as the ships were blockaded in port by the British. Due to these circumstances, Decatur transferred his crew, including Perry, to President which was anchored in New York. When Decatur unsuccessfully attempted to escape the blockade of New York in January 1815, Perry was not with him as he had been reassigned to the brig USS Chippawa for service in the Mediterranean. With the wars end, Perry and Chippawa cruised Mediterranean as part of Commodore William Bainbridges squadron. After a brief furlough in which he worked in the merchant service, Perry returned to active duty in September 1817, and was assigned to the New York Navy Yard. Posted to the frigate USS Cyane in April 1819, as executive officer, he aided in the initial settlement of Liberia. Captain Matthew C. Perry. U.S. Navy History and Heritage Command Fast Facts: Commodore Matthew C. Perry Rank: CommodoreService: U.S. NavyBorn: April 10, 1794 in Newport, RIDied: March 4, 1858 in New York, NYParents: Captain Christopher Perry and Sarah PerrySpouse: Jane SlidellConflicts: Mexican-American WarKnown For: First and Second Battles of Tabasco, Capture of Tampico, Opening Japan Rising Through the Ranks Completing his duty, Perry was rewarded with his first command, the twelve-gun schooner USS Shark. Serving as the vessels captain for four years, Perry was assigned to suppress piracy and the slave trade in the West Indies. In September 1824, Perry was reunited with Commodore Rodgers when he was posted as executive officer of USS North Carolina, the flagship of the Mediterranean Squadron. During the cruise, Perry was able to meet with Greek revolutionaries and the Captain Pasha of Turkish fleet. Before returning home, he was promoted to master commandant on March 21, 1826. Naval Pioneer After moving through a series of shore assignments, Perry went back to sea in April 1830, as the captain of the sloop USS Concord. Transporting the U.S. envoy to Russia, Perry declined an invitation from the czar to join the Russian Navy. Arriving back in the United States, Perry was made second-in-command of the New York Navy Yard in January 1833. Deeply interested in naval education, Perry developed a naval apprentice system and helped establish the U.S. Naval Lyceum for the education of officers. After four years of lobbying, his apprentice system was passed by Congress. During this time he served on the committee that advised the Secretary of the Navy in regard to the U.S. Exploring Expedition, though he declined command of the mission when offered. As he moved through various posts, he remained devoted to education and in 1845, assisted in developing the initial curriculum for the new U.S. Naval Academy. Promoted to captain on February 9, 1837, he was given command of the new steam frigate USS Fulton. A significant advocate for the development of steam technology, Perry conducted experiments to improve its performance and ultimately earned the nickname Father of the Steam Navy. This was reinforced when he founded the first Naval Engineer Corps. During his command of Fulton, Perry conducted the U.S. Navys first gunnery school off Sandy Hook in 1839-1840. On June 12, 1841, he was appointed the Commandant of the New York Navy Yard with the rank of commodore. This was largely due to his expertise in steam engineering and other naval inventions. After two years, he was appointed commander of the U.S. African Squadron and sailed aboard the sloop-of-war USS Saratoga. Tasked with fighting the slave trade, Perry cruised the African coast until May 1845, when he returned home. Second Battle of Tabasco, June 15-16, 1847. Public Domain Mexican-American War With the beginning of the Mexican-American War in 1846, Perry was given command of the steam frigate USS Mississippi and made second-in-command of the Home Squadron. Serving under Commodore David Connor, Perry led successful expeditions against Frontera, Tabasco and Laguna. After returning to Norfolk for repairs in early 1847, Perry was given command of the Home Squadron and aided General Winfield Scott in the capture of Vera Cruz. As the army moved inland, Perry operated against the remaining Mexican ports cities, capturing Tuxpan and attacking Tabasco. USS Mississippi (1841). U.S. Navy Opening Japan With the end of the war in 1848, Perry moved through various shore assignments before being returned to Mississippi in 1852, with orders to prepare for a voyage to the Far East. Instructed to negotiate a treaty with Japan, then closed to foreigners, Perry was to seek an agreement which would open at least one Japanese port to trade and would secure the protection of American seamen and property in that country. Departing Norfolk in November 1852, Perry proceeded around the Cape of Good Hope and across the Indian Ocean before reaching Shanghai on May 4, 1853. Sailing north with Mississippi, the steam frigate USS Susquehanna, and the sloops-of-war USS Plymouth and Saratoga, Perry reached Edo, Japan on July 8. Met by Japanese officials, Perry was ordered to sail for Nagasaki where the Dutch had a small trading post. Refusing, he demanded permission to present a letter from President Millard Fillmore and threatened to use force if denied. Unable to resist Perrys modern weaponry, the Japanese permitted him to land on the 14th to present his letter. This done, he promised the Japanese that he would return for a response. Commodore Matthew C. Perry lands in Japan, 1854. Public Domain Returning the following February with a larger squadron, Perry was warmly received by Japanese officials who had acquiesced and prepared a treaty that fulfilled many of Fillmores demands. Signed on March 31, 1854, the Convention of Kanagawa ensured the protection of American property and opened the ports of Hakodate and Shimoda to trade. His mission complete, Perry returned home by merchant steamer later that year. Later Life Voted a reward of $20,000 by Congress for his success, Perry embarked on writing a three-volume history of the mission. Assigned to the Efficiency Board in February 1855, his main task was the completion of the report. This was published by the government in 1856, and Perry was advanced to the rank of rear admiral on the retired list. Living in his adopted home of New York City, Perrys health began to fail as he suffered from cirrhosis of the liver due to heavy drinking. On March 4, 1858, Perry died in New York. His remains were moved to Newport, RI by his family in 1866.

(Human Rights) and (Democracy and the Armed Forces) Essay

(Human Rights) and (Democracy and the Armed Forces) - Essay Example Changes made to the justice structure in some states are essential for reinforcing the sovereignty of national courts. If the top leaders delegitimize a judiciary, it results in an absence of confidence from the people. Slowly, the people will have no option but to turn to illegal ways or implement human rights laws explicitly2. This implementation seems legitimate but it unavoidably results in an accumulation of cases. The avoidance of such cases forms the second reason the police should adhere to human rights and humanitarian law. If the police respect human rights and humanitarian law, the people would not have to resort to illegal ways. Police should adhere to human rights and humanitarian law by respecting the freedom of peaceful assembly3. States should strictly fight police immunity and make sure the law persecutes enforcement officers who violate the human rights of suspects appropriately. The law fosters and secures the ability of a police officer to implement the law the same way the United Nations protects and secures the public’s human rights and humanitarian. Emphasizing the issue of discrimination in housing and learning, and racial profiling as specific issues can make it easier for the police to respect human rights and humanitarian law. Military operations largely entail peacekeeping missions that also largely preach human rights and humanitarian law4. As a result, it is only right for the same soldiers to respect the same laws they are attempting to instill. In fact, the most appropriate way to instill human rights is to implement them during their operations. Another reason for respecting human rights and humanitarian law during military operations is the necessary creation of safe conditions that foster the secure provision of humanitarian support. Even so, if the United States dispatches troops, the effect of the military activities ought to relegate the goal of humanitarian operations5. During

Is The World Really Becoming A Global Village Essay

Is The World Really Becoming A Global Village - Essay Example This essay stresses that the majority of the world is still separated politically, economically, and culturally. People still fear the unknown, change, and those who look at the world with different perceptions and beliefs to theirs. War still rages, international crime continues, terrorist acts murder innocent people on a daily basis, and we still haven’t been able to feed the world. Why does the Western world think it has anything to offer? This paper makes a conclusion that it was not so long ago that the West smiled to itself when hearing reports telling of Chinese and Russians donning blue jeans and bopping to rock music. Somehow everyone knew that this meant that we were winning. And, perhaps, some of that confidence was justified – after all we are constantly penetrating the â€Å"enemy† through modern media, television, cinema, and the Internet. However, is the imposing of our brave new world really the best possible outcome? In time, perhaps, these barriers will be broken down as modern technology is implemented with physical networks, opening up new channels of communication. But at what price? Is man really capable of moving forwards without destroying cultures, traditions, and belief systems? Will we crush ethnic groups by enforcing our worldview in the name of progress? A look back at history doesn’t allow for much hope, and yet we must forge ahead if we are serious about becoming an inte rnational community that allows equality and the liberty of all mankind.

The Kings Speech Essay Example for Free

The Kings Speech Essay Question 1: In the sessions with Lionel, he asked Bertie what was his past like because there was a reason for being afraid to speak publicly. He told Lionel that when he was a young boy he used to get teased a lot because he shuddered a lot and his father also encouraged it, especially when it came to his brother. His father didn’t pay attention to him it went more towards his brother. Also, he grew up with metal splints in his knees so he could have straight knees. These experiences changed his life by feeling insecure about himself and not being able to talk in front of an audience would trigger that fact that he used to get teased a lot by his loved one, which changed his whole life. Question 2:Â  It is our divine right to be heard, to persevere, rehearse, and be brave. These things can be very helpful in our lives. We have to learn to be brave and persevere we have to try in order to get it done. Every day we use our divine right to be heard by being in class, answering questions, with friends and communication with just about anyone. Question 3:Â  When the King was practicing giving speeches in public I saw that he concentrated or relaxed himself by swaying his feet back and forth, taking deep breaths, eventuating words, practicing an hour a day and having support from his wife. These things can be helpful if someone was afraid of speaking in public because it helps you focus and keep calm once you have started your speech. In our speech class we have a strong support system, our own classmates, which make us feel comfortable speaking in front of them, which helps us during our speech.

W.B. Yeats and the Importance of Imagination Essay -- Biography Biogra

W.B. Yeats and the Importance of Imagination The poetry of the Irish writer WB Yeats celebrates how the human imagination gives meaning to life's struggles. Yeats's vision of human creative power evolves with his writing, broadening from seeing the imagination as the embodiment of human desires to understanding the power of the imagination to inspire others and immortalize the creative spirit. Yeats's work, by embracing this power, embraces the human condition itself, giving dignity to hardships and suffering by transfiguring 'dread' into 'tragedy.' The inevitable suffering described in poems like "Adam's Curse," "The Wild Swans at Coole," and "The Circus Animals' Desertion," is transfigured into works of art which immortalize the human spirit, as in "The Lake Isle of Innisfree," "A Dialogue of Self and Soul," and "Lapis Lazuli." In Yeats' poems, human life is an experience wrought with sorrow and suffering. "Adam's Curse," for example, defines the human condition in terms of the twin hardships of labor and mortality. Just as the Biblical Adam was cursed with toil and death when he was exiled from Eden, all people in "Adam's Curse" must struggle to live, only to ultimately die. Like the "old pauper" who must "scrub a kitchen pavement, or break stones" to survive, all people labor in life, especially when making a work of beauty: the poet, for example, works "hours" at "stitching and unstitching" lines in order to create "sweet sounds," only to be called an "idler," and every woman is "born...to know" that she must "labour to be beautiful." The "curse" of labor is made more bearable when it informs the creation of beauty, as in a poem, a woman's "sweet and low" voice, or a "love...compounded of high courtesy," but the curs... ...g the inflexible realities of life, Yeats's works come to appreciate the greater powers of the creative soul to inspire others to embrace their own suffering, to see and balance all parts of the human experience and transfigure even hardship into art. The imagination thus empowers man to defy with his spirit what his body cannot- he finds spiritual timelessness, perfection, and immortality in a world where he will decay, fail, and perish. It is the imagination which allows this discovery, transfiguring the deepest anguish of bounded life into free and eternal "gaiety." Works Cited Finneran, Richard, ed. The Collected Works of W.B. Yeats. 2nd ed. New York: Scribner, 1997. Frye, Northrop. The Educated Imagination.Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1964. Parkinson, Thomas. W.B. Yeats: The Later Poetry. University of California Press: Berkeley, 1964.

A Message from Disadvantaged Children of Friends for Street Children in Ho Chi Minh City – Vietnam

A message from disadvantaged children of Friends For Street children in Ho Chi Minh City – Vietnam Ladies and Gentlemen, Ho Chi Minh City is an economic city of Vietnam, with a population of more than 8 million. Attracted by the rapid economic expansion of Ho Chi Minh City, a large number of migrants from many parts of the country is coming. However, they mostly are poor in material, education, professional skills which leads to unstable jobs and low salaries. They live together with many other family’s members in a temporary houses or narrow rental rooms. They cannot earn enough for living.It becomes so difficult for these parents to manage school fee for their children; even they need financial help from their children. Many children of these families have to support financially by selling lottery tickets, newspapers, shoes polishing, or begging. Why we help disadvantaged children? The reality of early labors and dropping out of school of migrant children in Ho Chi Mi nh City is so common. Adding to these labor migrant children is poor children of Ho Chi Minh City who live in slums. They are also the target for child labors, illiterate and many social issues.Facing with the reality that many children cannot access school and their rights are neglected, Friends For Street Children Association was established in 1984, purposely to assist the disadvantaged children in their studies. The Association organizes seven Development Centers to serve about 1200 children studying from Kindergarten to Grade 5. What do children benefit from your help? With the help of donors, sponsors, individuals and groups, and organizations for disadvantaged children at cities of development countries like Vietnam, we can prevent and resolve little by little the basic issues such as: Preventing the dropping out of the school of children. – Reducing illiterate. – Resolving child labor. – Reducing child malnutrition. – Increasing child self-confide nt and self-esteem due to lacking social integrating environment. – Encouraging respect of child basic rights. – Providing a good environment for education in order to reduce social crime concerning children. Your support will help us to organize what activities? Your support will give children chances to access a good education. In FFSC system, we organize free education for children from 5 to 15 years old included Pre-school and Elementary School classes.This is a very important step to support all children to excel certain knowledge in order to integrate public schools. Without supporting, it will be impossible for poor and labor child to access further education. – At the center, we also organize language classes such as English, Japanese for children; – Vocational training courses such as sewing, embroidery for girls; – Building up child self-confident and social understanding through life skills and life values courses; – Improving chi ldren’s creativities through recreation programs according to age such as circle games, drawing; Improving their health through outdoor body exercises; – Healthcare, teeth care and providing milk; – Sponsorships for poor children who study at public schools to prevent dropping out due to financial reason; – Supporting children and families psychologically through home visits. What’s impact of our support for children? Our purpose focuses on and enhances well-being and a better future of disadvantaged children. – These disadvantaged children will have chance to access and integrate the public school and to develop their talents. Some girls who are trained can earn living in the future. – They are served better in nutrition and health. – They will gain a balance on psychology. – They have chances to have fun as any other children. – These poor children can proceed higher education in order to graduate from high scho ol and college. – They are provided necessary knowledge and skills to live healthily, happily and usefully in future society. Our dear guests, we would like to express our deepest gratitude for your kind presence here today. Thank you for your attentive listening.

Early Birds vs. Night Owls

Early Birds vs. Night Owls People today are leading two different lifestyles. Some of them are living an early bird style while others are living a night owl style. An early bird is a person who always gets up early in the morning, sets out for work early and strictly organize his/her time schedules. In contrast, a night owl is a person who always stays up late into the night, enjoys the exciting and colorful night life of the city, or works extremely hard late at night.To illustrate the existing differences and similarities, we will take a look at the perceptions of life value, and the divisions between these two life patterns in the following text. Their differences and similarities are of equal importance in our discussions. Early birds and night owls have different perceptions in their life attitudes toward their time-spending value, health concepts and everyday habits. They have different viewpoints of how time should be spent. Early birds who strictly follow the cycle of their biological clocks, believe no extravagance in spending time uncontrolledly in night-time entertainment.They obviously observe the rule of the Earth orbit, rising with the sun and resting during the night. For them, time should be treasured, and it can never be wasted in indulgence. However, night owls hold a different perception. They believe that time can never be exhausted especially the night time. They are more active and energetic after the sun is set. For them, indulgence in life is of better value than time itself, which seems endless. Meanwhile, they believe in different health concepts. Early birds favor the principle of healthy habits and a healthy life.They consider the form of â€Å"early to bed, early to rise† as a normal and healthy way of living. On the contrary, night owls discard the traditional health concept of obeying the biological clock. They are less concerned about health problems that might be brought up by being a night owl. Consequently, they will a lways feel drowsy, and in a long run, it will cause permanent damages to their livers in lack of adequate sleep. As a result of these different perceptions, early birds and night owls are different in their habits of life. Early birds abiding by organized life pattern are leading a more regular life than night owls.They keep to the clock in their arrangements of daily matters and seldom break their rules of a stable timetable. In contrast, night-owl style practitioners care less about routines. They entertain themselves or work hard during night time and would rather take a recovery by sleeping during the day. Although there are some differences in the respective viewpoints of early birds and night owls concerning life value, they have one thing in common: They treasure their chances in life. Early birds like to be punctual in their work and their lives. They manage their orbits by working hard and obeying the rules.In comparison, night owls would not miss their opportunities in the night time. They work hard while playing hard at the same time. In a word, different perceptions of value determine the lifestyle a person may choose – an early bird or a night owl. Ages and professions are also the factors to determine the lifestyles. As for their ages, early birds tend to be older while night owls tend to be younger. Early birds are mostly grown-up people, who are more mature and financially independent in choosing when to work and when to rest than the younger night owls.Contrastingly, younger night owls have not been burdened with too many social responsibilities. They are not psychologically mature enough to be obedient to the rules of day and night. So they fall easily to the attractions of night life. Sometimes, a person’s occupation also determines his or her choice of life patterns. Early birds are normally those with regular working hours. They are managers, accountants, lawyers, teachers and so on, who are always on day-time duty. In contra st, night owls are normally working with night shifts. They are factory workers, bar tenders, club managers and so on.However, as society advances, the distinctions between ages and professions in this respect are blurred as night life attracts more and more people in the city, youth or grown-up. People tend to work more hours at night or go out to pubs or night clubs to have a drink, to get acquainted with some new friends and to chat and relax. Early birds and night owls are somehow the same to some people who are active both day and night. The consequences of being an early bird or a night owl differ in respect of personal health and social effects. In a long-term point of view, an early bird can enjoy better health than a night owl.By sleeping early and getting up early, an early bird can always maintain a healthy body. A healthy body can be the source of a healthy mind. A night owl, however, may face the consequence that in a long run, staying up too late every night will damag e his or her good health. Meanwhile, an early bird can obey the rules while a night owl may not. Daylight shows everything delightful while darkness at night may arouse some undesired passion of mankind. In our social life, we can see some unwanted side-effects of night owls, such as severe alcohol drinking or drug taking.Consequently, an early bird style, in a long-term value, is more recommendable than a night owl style. In conclusion, an early bird and a night owl possess different life values and habits. Ages or occupations are sometimes the factors to determine a person’s choice of being an early bird or a night owl. Both of their choices may have effects on their health and on the society. Today, some people would agree with the old saying, â€Å"the early bird gets the worms† while the others would be in favor of â€Å"the night owl gets the rats†. Simply put, people should cherish the days and nights, either being an early bird or a night owl.

Public Health P1. P2 Essays

Public Health P1. P2 Essays Public Health P1. P2 Paper Public Health P1. P2 Paper Public health is the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals (1920, C. E. A. Winslow). This therefore infers public health is the preventing and controlling of disease within communities, to prolong life and promote health through organised society. The keys aspects of public health †¦ -Monitoring the overall health status of the population, this involves the recording of any changes of health in the population and alerting people to potential risks, for example the higher levels of smoking within a population. -Identifying the health needs within a population, which involves establishing patterns and trends of health problems within to identify implications service users may be at risk of, for example in relation to smoking, assessing the likely increase in need for cancer support services. -Developing programmes to reduce the risk and screening for diseases earlier on, which refers to the attempts of reducing the levels of illness, by introducing new programmes which inform people that they are at risk of certain conditions and aiding them into trying out new preventative programmes? For example if a doctor identifies someone at risk from cancer due to smoking, they may enrol them on a programme to help stop smoking, or even provide them with medication to stop them smoking. -Controlling of communicable disease. This is the reduction of the impact of infectious disease, through immunisation and other control methods. For example, vaccinations against measles, mumps and rubella, it may also include food hygiene in restaurants and other food suppliers preventing food poisoning. Health promotion to the population. This can be done by events and activities which reduce health implications. For example, for people suffering with obesity, it may involve campaigns to encourage people to be more active and eat a better diet, like the 5 a day campaign. -Planning and evaluating the provision of health and social care, which involves assessing health services and whether or not they are having enough impact on the initial problem, for example in the case of obesity, it may involve the question of, can local services meet the demand of weight management advice, or are the services being successful in helping people to reduce their weight and endure that change. P2 Public health has grown and improved since its creation in the 19th century. It was created from the Poor Law system and the Victorian sanitary reform movement. The Poor Law was in place, to ensure people of the lower working class(poor people) were being housed properly, whether it were in workhouses or their own homes, it also ensured they were appropriately clothed and fed a sufficient amount of food. In a lot of workhouses, children were also schooled a little, and in return for this treatment, the working class would be obliged to work for several hours a day. During industrialisation and the fast growth in cities, standards began to fall, which led to many concerns involving poor housing, dirty water supplies and air pollution ‘bad air’ and the immense impacts this had on the health of the work population all together. Origins of the public health policy in the UK from the 19th Century to present day†¦ The nineteenth century;- The first national Public Health Act 1848 This was created and put into place, due to a man known as Edwin Chadwick. He was an active campaigner on many public health issues, such as the poor working/housing conditions and the sanitary reform. His report in 1842 included a massive amount of evidence supporting the link between environment, poverty and ill health. He recommended that each local authority required an expert medical and civil engineering advice, to administer all sanitary matters. It took six years until the Public Health act was passed and the first Board of health was established. John Snow and the Broad Street pump John Snow was a man whom believed that the water pollution was the main cause of ill health within the population of London in the 19th Century. He linked the common illness cholera to people whom drank from the wells. He observed those getting ill and which areas and pumps they drank from and recorded it on a map, he was then able to establish all those getting ill were in fact drinking from the same pump, and consequently in 1854 John Snow removed the handle of the Broad Street pump and ceased the epidemic of Cholera in Soho, London John Simon and the 1866 Sanitary Act John Simon was professionally a physician, but he became famous for him dramatic reforms of the public health system. He was the first medical officer in the UK’s central government, and he influenced public health by improving public vaccination systems. He also was the founder of the water supply cleaner and made sewers more effective. The twentieth century The Beveridge Report 1942 William Beveridge was a man whom was asked by government to write a report on the best and most effective ways to help those on low incomes. This was after the Second World War when people felt they needed rewarding, which the government responded to by promising to create a more equal society. In Beveridge’s report in December 1942, he proposed that all people of a working age should contribute, which would benefit people who were sick, unemployed, retired, or widowed. The National Health Service (NHS) The NHS was created on the back of the Beveridge report. This allowed free care to those who could not afford it. It provided hospital services, primary care (doctors- family clinics) and community services such as health visitors, midwives, ambulance services and many more. Acheson Report into inequalities in health 1998 He comprised a report that pointed out 39 recommendations and highlighted 3 crucial areas of which would need concentrating on, which are; 1) all policies that are likely to have impact on health should be evaluated in terms of their impact on health inequality. 2) Priority to the health of families with children. 3) Further steps should be taken to reduce the income inequalities and improve the standards of poor households. Our Healthier Nation 1999 This strategy was released by the labour government after their election in 1997, it has very clear links with the Acheson report and attempted to tackle the root causes of ill health such as pollution, unemployment, low wages, crime and poor housing. Choosing Health: Making Healthy Choices Easier 2004 This white paper acknowledged the changing nature in society, and an increased emphasis on health and well-being. The strategy had three key underpinning principles: informal choice, personalization and working together. Its main priorities were: to reduce the number of people who smoke, reduce obesity and improve diet and nutrition, increase exercise, encourage support of sensible drinking and the improvement of overall sexual health.

Qilinâ€The Chinese Unicorn

Qilin- The Chinese Unicorn The qilin or Chinese unicorn is a mythical beast that symbolizes good luck and prosperity. According to tradition in China, Korea, and Japan, a qilin would appear to signal the birth or death of a particularly benevolent ruler or sage scholar. Because of its association with good luck, and its peaceful, vegetarian nature, the qilin is sometimes called the Chinese unicorn in the western world, but it does not particularly resemble a horned horse. In fact, the qilin has been depicted in a number of different ways over the centuries. Some descriptions state that it has a single horn in the middle of its forehead- hence the unicorn comparison. However, it may also have the head of a dragon, the body of a tiger or a deer, and an oxs tail. The qilin is sometimes covered with scales like a fish; at other times, it has flames all over its body. In some tales, it can also spout flames from its mouth to incinerate evil people. The qilin is generally a peaceful creature, however. In fact, when it walks it steps so lightly that it doesnt even bend down the grass. It can also walk across the waters surface. History of the Qilin   The qilin first appeared in the historical record with the Zuo Zhuan, or Chronicle of Zuo, which describes events in China from 722 to 468 BCE. According to these records, the first Chinese writing system was transcribed around 3000 BCE from the markings on a qilins back. A qilin is supposed to have heralded the birth of Confucius, c. 552 BCE. The founder of Koreas Goguryeo Kingdom, King Dongmyeong (r. 37-19 BCE), rode a qilin like a horse, according to legend. Much later, during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), we have solid historical evidence of at least two qilin showing up in China in 1413. Actually, they were giraffes from the coast of Somalia; the great admiral Zheng He brought them back to Beijing after his fourth voyage (1413-14). The giraffes were immediately proclaimed to be qilin. The Yongle Emperor was naturally extremely pleased to have the symbol of wise leadership show up during his reign, courtesy of the Treasure Fleet. Although traditional depictions of the qilin had a much shorter neck than any giraffes, the association between the two animals remains strong to this day. In both Korea and Japan, the term for giraffe is kirin, or qilin. Across East Asia, the qilin is one of the four noble animals, along with the dragon, the phoenix, and the tortoise. Individual qilin are said to live for 2000 years and can bring babies to deserving parents much in the manner of storks in Europe. Pronunciation: chee-lihn

Slavery - Nazi vs American chattel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Slavery - Nazi vs American chattel - Essay Example ing durable.† Nazi slavery, or American chattel slavery—they were alternative beats of the same wicked heart related to economic exploitation and/or territorial aggrandizement, against the races that were at a highly disadvantageous position. Every detail related to American chattel slavery was practiced as per instructions contained in the manual of instructions as if! The slave-owners annihilated the dignity of the slave first before destroying the spirit totally. â€Å" A slave has no personal rights and is considered the property of another person through birth, purchase, or capture.† (Chattel....)They were the sworn enemies of the blacks from the cradle to the grave. Frederick Douglass ( an American slave) writes, â€Å" I have no accurate knowledge of my age, never having seen any authentic record constraining it. By far the larger part of the slaves know as little of their ages as horses know of theirs, and it is the wish of most masters within my knowledge to keep their slaves thus ignorant.†(p.13) About the exploitation of the black children Douglass records thus: â€Å" Frequently, before the child has reached its twelfth month, its mother is taken from it and hired out on some farm a considerable distance off....and to blunt and destroy the natural affection of the mother for the child.†(p.13) These two examples are sufficient to imagine the shape of things to come in the life of a black. It is nothing but exploitation, more exploitation and exploitation of the worst order!â€Å"Chattel slavery involves outright ownership of the slave by a m aster, but there are forms of partial slavery where an individual is tied to the land, or to another person, by legal obligations, as in serfdom or indentured labor. Historically there have been two basic types of chattel slave. Domestic or house slaves performed menial household duties for their masters and were often counted as a measure of status. Productive or field slaves, who usually held a lower status,

Sport mgmt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sport mgmt - Essay Example This paper then aims to create a career plan focusing on sports based on learning and insights on the career path of Cristiano Ronaldo in football. He has been chosen due to his recognition and performance in this sports field. A section of the paper will allocate a discussion of his career as the basis for creating the personal five year career plan. The plan will include specific goals and methods on how this can be achieved. Football in the World and Qatar Football was recognized to come from Britain, which is widely played during the 1700s in from courts to narrow streets of the urban communities (Murray B. and Murray W. 2). However, historical accounts suggest that the game was played in Asian countries and the United States. This means that football is already a global sport long before the founding of the world cup tournaments. It can be associated that this is a primary reason for the world’s increasing interest in the sport. In UAE, the football association exerted en ormous effort in promoting the sport (Al Abed et al. 302). Despite the current ranking in FIFA World Cup, Qatar invested its wealth on football as evident in the UAE’s success, completed tournaments, and sponsorship deals. In implication, Qatar and UAE encourage the increase of interest in the sport, and inculcate it to be part of their culture and education. Hence, it is not unexpected that many enthusiasts would aspire to pursue a career in football. In relation to the career plan, it is important to be aware of the facts and the roots of the game to understand the impact and significance of the sport to a person and to the world. Moreover, this will provide a view of opportunities for becoming a player. Cristiano Ronaldo Cristiano Ronaldo has been selected to be an icon for this career plan due to his successful career in football. He has been identified as one of the top best football player of his time. This star is currently playing for Real Madrid, who is considered to be the best winger who has played in the world cup (Greaves and Giller). His skills are a combination of his own and that of other of acclaimed players. This Portugal-born player commenced his football career when he joined the Sporting Clube de Portugal (Coutinho 32). This player already shined in the Portugal team with 69 international games and 22 goals scored. However, Ronaldo has been a frequenter in the national games as he played for Under-17 and Under-20 to 22. These exhibit that even at an early age Ronaldo’s skills and abilities as a player has brought him to the international stage and a glorious high point. It was not until 2003 that he was transferred to Manchester United and Real Madrid in 2009. This paper deemed that his exposure to different teams further developed his skills and performance as it introduced various playing techniques. Ronaldo is equipped with speed and excellent ball control that shaped him as the world’s most fatal winger (Coutinho 3 2). His dexterity paved way for his nomination as FIFA World Soccer Player in the year 2008, and runner-up in 2009. Aside from his skills, he is also highly professional. His former coach (Jose Mourinho) admired Ronaldo for being the most professional player he has met (Richards, Coaching Ronaldo). This may be one of the factors that pushed Ronaldo’s growing career. Apparently, abilities should be coupled with right attitude to attain and retain success. Ronaldo also received a fair

Determination of Mercury content in Canned Tuna brands using Literature review

Determination of Mercury content in Canned Tuna brands using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and use Isoto - Literature review Example The relative lethal nature of mercury is dependent on its chemical form, methyl mercury as one of the substances existing in the environment. Additionally, this chemical form of mercury is also toxic due to its high liposolubility. However, all the forms of mercury released in the ecosystem undergo biogeochemical transformation processes hence converted to methyl mercury. The main exposure of mono methyl mercury to humans is consumption of fish. Mono methyl mercury (MMHg) represents the major type of mercury in fish. This is because it has the capability of biomagnification in the food chains within the marine. Organomercury compounds may also find their way into the environment from both anthropogenic sources and from production by natural in situ biogenic modifications. Exposure to mercury leads to a variety of signs and symptoms including dizziness, allergy, vomiting and muscular weakness. Furthermore, its toxicity elicits impaired hearing and vision as well as depressed immune sy stem. Eventually, its accumulation within the body leads to brain damage which consequently may lead to death. As it is the case with most anthropogenic, mercury finds its way into the aquatic environment in its inorganic form. Chlor-alkali industry is one of the major pollution source and gateway for mercury (Gao et al.). Consequently, monitoring of the mercury levels within the environment is not enough. Therefore, speciation analysis provides critical in useful information in the assessment of toxicity and health risks of mercury. Furthermore, such analysis helps in understanding the biogeochemical cycling of mercury compounds. As a result, enormous and concerted efforts have been made in developing reliable methods for mercury determination and speciation analysis in biological and fish samples. This review articulates with emphasis special attention to clean sample preparation, good storage sample procedures and performance of the different techniques (Lee et al). Mass spectrom etry (MS) can be considered as one of the most important analytical techniques in the analysis of element concentration. It is a method that has also been employed for isotope analysis, surface characterization and structural examination of bioinorganic compounds. In an attempt to understand metabolic pathways of toxic and toxicology in general, strategies have been developed. These novel approaches are important in obtaining qualitative and quantitative information regarding the elements, element species and their interactions. A variety of methods for determination of mercury have been well captured and elaborated in literature. The cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CV AAS) has been the most preferred method in the analysis of mercury especially in foodstuffs. This is because the method has an efficient speed in addition to its simplicity. Moreover, this technique possesses relative freedom from obstructions and also has low operational costs as well as high sensitivity. The high sensitivity is very evident when mercury vapor is pre-concentrated on an amalgamation comprising gold element. Another variant of atomic absorption spectrometry is the graphite furnace technique, commonly abbreviated as GF AAS. This method allows for direct determination of many metals at trace and ultra trace levels in solid samples. Advantages of this technique include high sample throughput and low sample requirement in terms of the sample mass for analysis. In

Influence Of The Philosophy Of Plato On Psychology Philosophy Essay

Influence Of The Philosophy Of Plato On Psychology Philosophy Essay In the ideals and methods of todays psychological medicine, the general psyche of the human mind has been influenced by historical and cultural forces, and various perspectives through time. Philosophers such as Plato has developed many methods and types of thoughts in understanding the human psyche that has greatly influenced the many defined concepts of psychology as known today. In Platos question how we know what à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Is? Is the underlying fundamental question that relates to the human psyche. As individuals, how do we really know what to know? For example, if you do not understand in how to tune a musical instrument, you will have to ask fundamentals questions in order to understand how to tune a musical instrument. As in the human psyche, Platos asks the same question in order to understand the concept in how people know. Psyche is based on the theory of justice that has six fundamentals aspects such as: faculties, principles, activities, aspects, instances and levels. Their nature and role have been characterized in ways influenced as much perhaps by the connotations of these terms as by the details of Platos text. Subsequently, Psychology has been developed from the origins of the earliest philosophers such as Plato; an Athenian born Greek philosopher that believed that people were a blank slate at birth which can be changed to anything thro ugh their life time depending on the influence of surroundings (Various). In his quest of finding the true essence of the human psyche and the pursuit of the maintenance of the soul, Plato has philosophized through the teachings of Socrates within various concepts such as: Metaphysics Platonic realism, Theory of Forms. Platonism the basis of Metaphysics is referred to the intellectual consequences of denying, as Socrates often does, the reality of the material world. Platos metaphysics is understood as Socrates division of reality into the warring and irreconcilable domains of the material and the spiritual (Taylor, 1936). The theory has been of incalculable influence in the history of Western psychology, philosophy and religion. Similar to Socratess idea that reality is unavailable to those who use their senses is what puts him at odds with the common man, and with common sense. Socrates says that he who sees with his eyes is blind, and this idea is most famously captured in his Allegory of the Cave, and more explicitly in his description of the divided line. According to Socrates, physical objects and physical events are shadows of their ideal or perfect forms, and exist only to the extent that they instantiate the perfect versions of themselves. Just as shadows are temporary, inconsequential epi phenomena produced by physical objects, physical objects are themselves fleeting phenomena caused by more substantial causes, the ideals of which they are mere instances (Taylor, 1936). Second philosophical concept that has influence modern psychology is the theory of forms. It is Platos belief that the material world as it seems to us is not the real world, but only a shadow of the real world, as depicted in Socrates Allegory of the Cave. Forms are based on archetypes or abstract representations of the many types and properties (that is, of universals) of things we see all around us. The sensible world we know today was based on belief that the physical perception is a rendering or copy of the true perception (Moline, 1981). Past philosophers believed that we are born into world of ignorance that we cannot truly see the meaning what is truly is, as depicted in the Allegory of the Cave. This concept of rendering reality is called forms, that physical objects and physical events are shadows of their ideal or perfect forms, and exist only to the extent that they instantiate the perfect versions of themselves. Just as shadows are temporary, inconsequential epiphenomena produced by physical objects, physical objects are themselves fleeting phenomena caused by more substantial causes, the ideals of which they are mere instances (Moline, 1981). As a result, as depicted in The Allegory of the Cave, Plato shows how the mind influences perception that has greatly influenced Western psychologists such as Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung. Hence the men in Platos fable are used to show that one should venture out and become more educated because if not, one will slip back into a less cognitive state of mind (Fitz-Randolph, 2009). In comparison, Sigmund Freud believed that a persons dreams are fulfilled wishes. These wishes are unachieved accomplishments that the individual dwells on. He proves his theory by referring to a controllable dream of his about thirst. He believed that because he ate salty food before bed, he could fall asleep, dream about drinking, and wake up satisfied. Freud thought that the dreams are able to compensate ones unsatisfied wishes (Fitz-Randolph, 2009). They are actually thoughts that the mind has gathered while a person is awake. The mind, as thought by Freud, is able to twist real observations in a way whic h pleases the individual in an unconscious state. Both Plato and Freud have valid portrayals of how the mind works. By presenting their information in a story-like fashion, the reader is able to better relate to and comprehend the otherwise somewhat complex issue. Since Freud is a psychologist, one may wonder if he had similar views as Plato when it came to developmental psychology and the development of cognitive thinking. Additionally, Carl Jungs idea of the Collective Unconscious is so in alignment with these earlier ideas from Plato. The notion of Absolute Forms, for example, along with Jungs methods of systematic inquiry foreshadows Jungs theories of archetype and the analytic process investigation (Fitz-Randolph, 2009). According to Jung, the Collective Unconscious exists as a kind of repository for dreams, archetypes, symbols, and myths. Yet like Plato before him, Jungs intuitively derived understanding needed empirical verification if it was to be taken seriously. Thus, in his autobiographical memoir, Memories, Dreams, and Reflection, Jung sets out to explain exactly how he arrived at his notion of the Collective Unconscious and archetype through his journey of self-observation (Fitz-Randolph, 2009). Both Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud, two of the greatest psychologist/thinkers of the twentieth century, used the term unconscious but each defined it differently. The one thing they agreed on, however, is that the unconscious is that part of the psyche inaccessible to the ego. It is only when the ego drops its guard such as in dreams that the unconscious expresses itself. But here the similarities between the two men diverge. To Freud, who had been Jungs teacher, the unconscious contains that which is repressed or forgotten while remaining within the individual psyche. It becomes a sort or repository for forgotten things of ones past. It is exclusively personal in nature and belongs to the individual person alone. In other words, it contains no commonly held or universal archetypes such as understood by Jung. Jung maintained, on the other hand, that yes there is something like Freuds personal unconscious but this merely rests or floats upon an infinite collective unconscious which does not at all derive from the personal unconscious (Fitz-Randolph, 2009). Instead it comes to the individual as a part of something universal in nature. Its contents and modes of behavior, says Jung, are essentially the same everywhere and in all individuals. This is not to say that it expresses itself the same in all individuals only that the archetypal patterns are universally present. The actual psyche is known only by its contents. In other words, it is seen only by what the individual actually expresses through action. But with the collective unconscious no such expression is available except through dreams and the various archetypes that make themselves known via behaviors and obsessions. The personal unconscious, according to Jung, is far greater than storage for past traumas and emotional history as Freud would contend. Instead, it serves as a pathway to the collective unconscious and is constantly being fed by those deep reservoirs (Fitz-Randolph, 2009). All great ideas and concepts have been derived from the great thinkers of the past. As in Plato, one of the greatest and foremost prodigies of Socrates has influenced some of the brightest minds of psychology such as Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung. The ideals of forms and meta-physics have evolved the basis of modern psychology as we know today.

Love :: essays research papers

Euthanasia is the act of ending the life of an individual suffering from a terminal illness, as by lethal injection or the suspension of extraordinary medical treatment. This is a topic with many opinions and much controversy as to whether or not it should be a legal practice. I have never known anyone close to me with an incurable disease, but if a loved one or I were diagnosed, I would like the option to end the suffering to be available. Therefore, I am pro euthanasia, and furthermore, pro individual choice. There are two essays I have recently read on the subject, each gives two different viewpoints on the topic of euthanasia. In Sidney Hook’s In Defense of Voluntary Euthanasia, he believes that â€Å"each one should be permitted to make his own choice-especially when no one else is harmed by it.†(404) Hook is pro euthanasia, contrary to Rand Richards Cooper, the author of The Dignity of Helplessness: What Sort of Society Would Euthanasia Create?† Cooper says â€Å"I’m looking for an argument with Jack Kevorkian; or rather, one against him.†(411) He believes that euthanasia should not be a practice used in society today. Sidney Hook begins his essay by giving a personal, first-hand experience of his own sufferings in his battle with congestive heart failure followed by a massive stroke. He says, â€Å"†¦I asked my physician to discontinue all life-supporting services or show me how to do it.†(403) His doctor refused and after months of rehabilitation, finally regained most of his motor skills. He admits that this argument sounds like it is pro euthanasia, however, he gives two major reasons for the right to choose. By using his own personal experience and knowledge, he gives the reader insight to his defense in his opinion. Rand Richards Cooper takes an informal approach in his argument, not giving any cut and dry facts. He uses two indirect experiences through his mother’s friend and children in Kenya to convey his ideas. Sidney Hook expresses his ideas using his own personal terminal illness. He makes his statement using reader sympathy, hoping to impact the reader on a personal level. Rand Richards Cooper uses a similar approach, recognizing the usefulness of informal, but personable persuasions. Hook writes about his own first-hand experience and is thought to be more factual. Cooper on the other hand uses the same technique, but he gives second-hand experiences through children in Kenya and also through his mother’s best friend.